PEMIKIRAN HAMKA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH SOSIAL-INTELEKTUAL MUSLIM INDONESIA: PARADIGMA, DETERMINAN, DAN IMPLIKASI KEAGAMAAN

Abstract

The study of Hamka's thought remains an important subject of scholarly inquiry due to its enduring relevance and continuous debate among academics. This article aims to examine three aspects: first, the paradigm of Hamka's thought; second, the internal and external factors that influenced his intellectual development; and third, the positive and negative implications of his thought for Muslims and the Indonesian nation. This study employs a qualitative method with a content analysis approach based on Lasswell's communication theory. Data were collected through library research and analyzed using the framework of Who, Says What, In Which Channel, To Whom, and With What Effect. The findings reveal three major points. First, Hamka's intellectual paradigm can be categorized into three dimensions: (1) contextual interpretation of the Qur'an, (2) socio-political thought, and (3) educational reform and modern Sufism. Second, the internal factors shaping Hamka's thought include: (1) his family background, particularly the influence of his father, (2) his involvement in Muhammadiyah, and (3) his experience during imprisonment. The external factors consist of: (1) the colonial situation, (2) Minangkabau culture, and (3) the influence of Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida. Third, the positive implications of Hamka's thought for Muslims and Indonesia include: (1) the promotion of Islamic moderation, (2) educational reform, and (3) the contextualization of Islamic teachings. Conversely, its negative implications include: (1) interpretive subjectivity, (2) political controversy, and (3) historical limitations. This study concludes that Hamka's thought is integrative and contextual in nature, yet remains subject to controversy.