TAKWIL AYAT-AYAT MUKJIZAT PARA NABI DALAM TAFSIR AN NUR DAN TAFSIR AL AZHAR

Abstract

Miracles constitute evidence of Allah’s power bestowed upon the prophets to affirm and strengthen their divine missions. Terminologically, a miracle is understood as an extraordinary event that transcends the established laws of nature (kh?riq li al-‘?dah). This study aims to analyze the tendency of interpretative re-interpretation (ta’wil) of miracle-related Qur’anic verses in two prominent Indonesian exegetical works, namely Tafsir Al-Azhar by Hamka and Tafsir An-Nur by Hasbi Ash-Shiddiqie. The analysis focuses on four major Qur’anic narratives: the revival of the dead during the time of Prophet Moses (peace be upon him), the miracle of the birds of Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him), the glorification of the mountains alongside Prophet David (peace be upon him), and the splitting of the moon during the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

The findings reveal that both Hamka and Hasbi Ash-Shiddiqie demonstrate strong influence from the rationalist school of Qur’anic exegesis (madrasah al-‘aqliyyah), pioneered by Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida. Hamka tends to interpret miracles in a figurative or symbolic manner, such as understanding the revival of the dead as the implementation of the law of qishas and the glorification of the mountains as an aesthetic-spiritual resonance. Meanwhile, Hasbi Ash-Shiddiqie explicitly rejects the literal occurrence of the splitting of the moon during the Prophet’s lifetime and interprets it instead as an eschatological event to occur near the Day of Judgment.

These interpretations are critically examined through comparison with classical and contemporary exegetes who uphold the literal meaning based on scholarly consensus (ijma‘) and mass-transmitted reports (mutawatir). The study concludes that the interpretative approaches adopted by both figures represent efforts to rationalize supernatural elements in the Qur’an; however, in certain respects, they extend beyond the apparent textual meaning and depart from the consensus of earlier scholars.